StatPlay Topics See the Central Limit Theorem in Action

See the Central Limit Theorem in Action

Watch sample means from any skewed population pile up into a normal curve as sample size grows. Drag to change n and feel why the Central Limit Theorem is the backbone of inferential statistics.

I.01 / CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM

Central Limit Theorem

Normal distribution basics down. Now for statistical inference. What shape does the average of many samples take? Here comes the Central Limit Theorem: whatever you start with — dice, Poisson, anything — the average is pulled toward that same normal curve.

Slightly outrageous fact — no matter how skewed the base distribution is, if you take n samples and average, then repeat, the distribution of those averages converges on its own to a bell (normal).
The lab below shows left = the raw skewed source side-by-side with right = the sample-mean distribution, so you can watch the bell emerge. Crank n up and the bell tightens (SE = σ/√n).

Trials0
Mean of sample means
SD of sample means
Theoretical SE = σ/√n
UP NEXT —does the sample mean really converge? I.02 Law of Large Numbers